The Case Of The Unwilling Addict - 1479 Words

Desires and Moral Responsibility We have certain notions of what free-will is. But before we can discuss the notion of free-will, we need to establish the meaning of this term. Having free-will refers to one’s choices or desires (O’Connor, â€Å"Free Will†). A person who is able to act according to the determinations of their will (i.e., choices or desires) is free (Russell, â€Å"Hume on Free Will†). But is it always fair to blame people for performing morally wrong actions when they act on the basis of their own desires? In this paper I will defend that those who perform morally wrong actions on the basis of their own desires are exercising free-will, and are therefore responsible for their morally wrong actions. To further bolster this case, I will argue for the Principle of Alternative Possibilities by re-evaluating Frankfurt’s case of the Unwilling Addict. I will then refute the notion of determinism by referring to Wolf’s JoJo example by taking a compatibilist approach . In 1971, Harry Frankfurt wrote his second most influential paper on free-will. Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person asks; what is it to be a person? In Frankfurt’s view, one essential difference between persons and non-human animals is to be found in the structure of a person’s will (193). Presumably, animals appear to have the capacity for what Frankfurt refers to as â€Å"first-order desires,† which are simple desires to do or not to do one thing or another (194). Frankfurt however, notes that humansShow MoreRelatedOpiate Addiction1214 Words   |  5 Pagesheroin. For example; â€Å"In an early study, for example, Inciardi reported that a cohort of 239 male heroin addicts from Miami committed 80,644 criminal acts during the 12 months before being interviewed (Inciardi, 1979).†. (Strain and Stitzer, 2006) In part, this is due to the problems associated with the severe withdrawal symptoms that begin about 18 hours after the last use, and the re sult that addicts will do almost anything to avoid them. These include sweating, vomiting, insomnia, cold sweats, painRead MoreHyper Sexuality And Sex Addiction1655 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Hyper sexual disorder/hyper sexuality , also commonly referred to as sexual addiction, is a condition diagnosed by psychiatrists and mental health researchers that plagues the addict with intensified and increased sexual impulses. These urges can lead to a significant increase in sexual activity.   Sex addiction is often thought to be synonymous with a high sex drive, but it is comparably as destructive and life altering as many other addictions. Research and studies show that thoseRead MoreAddiction : A Common Underlying Brain Process1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthis theory are now tearing it down. From earlier views of addiction as failures of character and morals, the response of society by shaming and scolding having failed, came the advent of AA and the 12 step program. This was a Godsend for those unwilling or unable to quit on their own. Although statistics prove that most people do quit on their own or with other methods, the popularity of AA and its concept that it is a disease too strong to be conquered without the help of a higher power, continuesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?898 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica during the 1970s. However, the Dutch saw a considerable decrease in usage after they liberalized their drugs laws. By the late 1990s, the average age of a Dutch heroin addict was thirty-six. That meant that there were very few younger people trying the drug. In contrast, nineteen was the average age for an American heroin addict in the 1990s. Likewise, 14.7% of Americans have used cocaine and 1.5% have used heroin, while only 3.4% of the Dutch have use d cocaine and 0.6% have tried heroin. ObviouslyRead MoreDenial Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthat many who are unknowingly addicted to alcohol or other mind-altering agents. This denial barrier is the first of many hurdles to overcome when they are identified as having an addiction disorder. Although all denial isn’t bad most of the time, addicts are often the last to recognize their disease, pursuing their addictions into mental illness, the degeneration of health, and ultimately death. This paper will explain the concept of denial, its consequences, and the implications it has for nursingRead MoreYou Can Lead a Horse to Water, but You Cant Make It Drink1482 Words   |  6 Pagespublic world, this adage is proven to be true in all aspects of life. In everyday experiences this adage is proven to be true. A drug addict might be placed in counseling to help him overcome an addiction. The counselor will suggest various techniques to overcome his addiction. She might suggest getting a recovery partner, who is someone he can contact 24/7 in case he feels like taking drugs and is finding it hard to resist the temptations of the addiction. Another tactic will be to occupy his mindRead MoreEffects Of Cocaine Dependence On Increased Crime Rates And Criminal Activity Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pageshas provided a case for treatment compliance and effectiveness. However, drug treatments for cocaine dependence has been characterized by several ethical concerns including ensuring patients are freely consent to the vaccine in full awareness of any probable effects or risks. Secondly, the antibodies detected in the blood during treatment using cocaine vaccine may raise ethical concerns about privacy and discrimination. In essence, the loss of privacy by a recovering cocaine addict may in turn resultRead MoreThe Open Destiny of Life1133 Words   |  5 Pageslife. The second is a story that the daughter creates for her father at his request. She proceeds to tell him a story about a mother who, in order to be closer to her drug-addicted son, decides to experiment with the same drug and becomes a drug-addict herself, only to be deserted by the son when he rises above his dependency. Building on her relationship with her own father, Paley artfully uses intertwined narratives and character relationships to present the themes of experience and opp ortunityRead MoreFreedom From A Good Thing Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant for one to have liberty. Cohen’s assertions are quite similar to Berlin’s concept of ‘positive liberty’. Positive liberty is different to negative liberty in a way that Berlin describes positive liberty as self-mastery. Thus, in Cohen’s cases that the woman fails to go to Glasgow due to the lack of money, according to Berlin, is a restraint to his positive liberty. The government on the other side, can protect the woman’s positive liberty by giving her the money to buy the train ticketRead MoreBad Decisions, Sad Lives1309 Words   |  6 Pagesresult to substances such as pain killers, stimulants, and anti-depressants to help deal with their struggles as a teen. Throughout the past two decades increasing numbers of reported deaths and overdoses has started to trend, many of these reports cases of emotionally distressed teens trying to find some sense of fulfilment. Statistics of addiction induced deaths, and psychological illnesses such as anxiety and depression are a t an all-time high among adolescents in this generation. Dr. Nora D Volkow

Germany - Country Overview - 3077 Words

Country Report GERMANY By: Arun Sareen Content Content 2 1. Introduction: Germany at a glance 3 Graph 1.1: World’s largest economies by GDP 3 Graph 1.2: Key economic indicators in Germany since 2000 4 2. Germany’s economy in the lead up to the crisis 4 Table 2.1: Economic data since unification of Germany 5 3. Impact of the crisis in Germany 6 Graph 3.1: Exports in German compared to largest global exporters since 2000 7 Graph 3.2: Germany vs US employment data 8 4. Recovery of the German economy 8 5. Conclusion 9 6. References 10 Introduction: Germany at a glance Germany is a major economic and political force within Europe, and a founding member of the European Union (EU) since 1993. With a†¦show more content†¦(billions) | % of GDP | Euro(billions) | % of GDP | 1991 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 | -24.3 | -1.3 | -47.5 | -3.1 | 1992 | 1.5 | 5.0 | -0.6 | 6.6 | -22.7 | -1.1 | -40.7 | -2.5 | 1993 | -1.0 | 4.5 | -6.0 | 7.8 | -19.0 | -0.9 | -26.9 | -1.5 | 1994 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 8.1 | 8.4 | -30.5 | -1.4 | -27.7 | -1.5 | 1995 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 6.5 | 8.2 | -29.6 | -1.2 | -50.8 | -2.7 | 1996 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 8.9 | -14.0 | -0.6 | -34.6 | -1.8 | 1997 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 11.5 | 9.7 | -10.0 | -0.5 | -30.5 | -1.6 | 1998 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 9.4 | -16.3 | -0.7 | -36.3 | -1.8 | 1999 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 5.8 | 8.6 | -27.6 | -1.3 | -30.8 | -1.5 | 2000 | 3.3 | 1.4 | 13.2 | 8.0 | -32.8 | -1.7 | -36.9 | -1.8 | 2001 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 7.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -62.0 | -3.0 | 2002 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 8.7 | 40.3 | 2.0 | -67.8 | -3.2 | 2003 | -0.4 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 9.8 | 45.8 | 1.9 | -68.7 | -3.2 | 2004 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 127.3 | 4.7 | -76.1 | -3.4 | 2005 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 7.7 | 11.3 | 140.3 | 5.1 | -60.9 | -2.7 | 2006 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 13.1 | 10.2 | 181.7 | 6.3 | -51.6 | -2.3 | 2007 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 248.0 | 7.5 | -25.2 | -1.1 | 2008 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 226.1 | 6.2 | -24.6 | -1.0 | 2009 | -5.1 | 0.2 | -13.0 | 7.8 | 196.0 | 5.9 | -27.5 | -1.1 | 2010 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 15.2 | 7.1 | 211.4 | 6.4 | -65.3 | -2.6 | 2011 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 248.3 | 6.8 | -30.6 | -1.2 | 2012 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 5.5 | 255.3 | 7.4 | -3.1 | -0.1 | 2013 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 5.3 | 273.5 | 7.5 | 15.2 | 0.6 |Show MoreRelatedThe Final Solution For World War II1668 Words   |  7 PagesJewish population was already underway and fully operating right under everyone’s nose. In Germany, Austria, Poland, and Belgium, thousands of people were being killed monthly, but despite this success, Hitler was still not satisfied. For him to be completely satisfied with the results, the Jews nee ded to be gone permanently. For six years Hitler rampaged across Europe, forcing his plans on other countries, causing destruction wherever he went. His hatred for â€Å"impure† races, especially Jews, is whatRead MoreInternational Trade Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesInternational Trade: Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg Overview of International Trade Flows The European Union is a major player when it comes to international trade. Accounting for 16.5% of the world’s imports and exports, the EU is founded on principles of free trade and fair trade. The organization negotiates agreements around the world in hopes of creating growth and jobs for Europeans. Furthermore, through trade policy, the EU aims to reduce child labor, forced labor, and environmentalRead MoreA Company Review Of Domino s Will Be Presented1212 Words   |  5 Pagesalso be included. Last I will try to point out the risks of the firm and also some recommendations to the managers. Company overview Domino’s Pizza Group plc is a leading company in the fast-developing pizza delivery industry .Except its own stores, it has the exclusive master franchise Domino’s Pizza stores in the UK, Republic of Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg. The firm was founded in the United States in 1960 and its first UK store was open in LutonRead MoreThe Book Thief By Markus Zusak1014 Words   |  5 PagesWith over 70 million people dead, World War II was one of the most horrific wars in the last millennium. During the war, Germany is corrupted and dangerous for anybody who is not German. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, is a story about an orphan who lives in Molching, a town where the Holocaust and the bombing occur. Throughout the novel, she steals books in order to become a better reader and writer. The city of Molching and the characters and not real, but the details of the events, settings, andRead MoreEssay On Trade1681 Words   |  7 PagesMost the countries around the world engage in trade, this paper is going to go in to just six of the countries that are in the same region and trade with each other; Estonia, Republic of Latvia, Poland, Hellenic Republic and Republic of Austria. We will be giving you a small look into the back ground of each, and overview of trade flows between our countries and initiatives from environmental sustainability. 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As the leading country in fighting climate change, there is an abundance of researches and reviews about the German Energy Transition, or â€Å"Energiewende†. In this research, Energiewende, the most ambitious energy transition program among industrial nations, will be discussed in details. The current energy usage in Germany will also be compared with that of United States and China

Advertising Persuasive Paper - 1661 Words

The reality of advertising is right under our noses and in front of our eyes. Wherever we are or whatever we are doing, the fact is we are likely to be surrounded and influenced by advertisements. Shakespeare advertised his plays, of course, but not in the commercial sense we know today. For more than a hundred years, though, commercial advertisements for products and services have been vying for the attention of the consumer. Those businesses found that the bigger and bolder the claims they made, the more people bought their products and chose them over the competition. The fiercely competitive businesses of advertising and marketing were born. Today those businesses alone are worth billions and even trillions of dollars. They†¦show more content†¦We yearn for the car that will make us more macho, or the watch that will exude professionalism and taste. We will buy anything, it seems, to make us suave and sophisticated and the envy of all our friends. Its worth realising that they are very shallow friends indeed if they judge you by what you own rather than on your personality. Do you really need friends like that? We are being manipulated, on every street corner and every moment of the day and its going to get worse. Internet advertising, once only a fraction of all advertising is set to become the biggest business in the world. This wont just apply to pop-ups or banners, it will apply to personal advertising aimed and directed at you personally. It will be based on the mathematic boffins who are now employed by the marketers. They are, at present, working out your spending patterns and studying your lifestyle habits based on your search engine enquiries and surfing habits. You can expect to be subjected to nearly one thousand online marketing messages each day and every one will be set to appeal to you personally. The fact that our lives are saturated by advertising seems to worry only a few people. The rest of us just shrug and think that is how it is supposed to be. Yet whatever and however you feel about it, advertising is impossible to avoid. Marketing companies in response to so called ‘ad clutter or ‘ad fatigue set about findingShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Persuasive Advertising1278 Words   |  6 PagesEthics of Persuasive Advertising Each day we are bombarded with advertisements from a plethora of corporations in every waking moment of our lives. Advertising agencies have become so advanced at what they do, that often times we may not even realize we are being advertised a product. This raises an interesting ethical dilemma over a certain type of advertising: persuasive advertising. Philosophers, economists, and business professionals have debated over whether or not persuasive advertising is anRead MoreAmericas Smoke Screen-Portion Essays1168 Words   |  5 PagesMcDowell-Bryant) This paper will examine the history of the tobacco industry and its advertising campaigns from the 1920s to the present. Some of the issues discussed in this paper will include: What forms of mass communication has tobacco companies used to persuade the public, how changes in technology have influenced the way tobacco companies communicate with target audiences, and how the United States government restrictions affect the current efforts of tobacco companies advertising strategies. OtherRead MoreMarketing Strategies For The Sales Force754 Words   |  4 Pagescommission and salary. My goal there was not just to ring people up on the register, but convince people of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and the convenience of buying home exercise equipment to avoid going in to a gym. â€Å"Information and persuasive content can be combined in the form of an appeal to provide a basic reason for the consumer to act† (Kerin, Hartley, Rudelius, 2012, p.212). On most weekend s I would use my sex appeal by running on the treadmills to get a curious woman excitedRead MoreThe Ladies Room Commercial By Secret Deodorant1601 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica and the brand exclusively caters to females. One of the most famous advertising statements ever made by secret is the slogan â€Å"strong enough for a man, but made for a woman†. The brand has established itself as a brand of empowerment for women across the country. Because this commercial comes from a brand that has a strong history of feminism, the message â€Å"there is no wrong way to be a womn† is far more persuasive. Secret has the credibility to make such an impactful statement because theyRead MoreChildren s Purchasing Decisions Are Affected By The Persuasive Nature1496 Words   |  6 PagesChildren’s purchasing decisions are affected by the persuasive nature used in advertising. I do not think anyone would argue the effectiveness advertising has on children. You can do an experiment all on your own by asking any 5 year old who the Vice President of the United States is. You will more than likely get a wrong answer if they give any answer at all. Now try asking that same child about any character that is associated with any major brand of cereal and I think you will probably be impressedRead MoreAdvertising And Their Influence On Children1516 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in advertising and their influence on children: Introduction Advertising has grown massively due to the expansion of technology and this has transformed the advertising industry. Organisations are spending heavily in advertising to differentiate their brands and cut throat competition among advertising companies is a priority. However, in this race for standing out, advertisers and marketers might overlook the ethical policies. Ethics in advertising has become critical in today’s scandalRead MoreAristotle, The Greatest Thinkers Of All Times Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter. Aristotle calls them Ethos, in which is used to describe the ideas and beliefs that characterize the community, Logos in which using logical arguments, scientific method and proof to persuade and Pathos, is a purpose of presentation, advertising and pity for persuasion. Furthermore, these aspects can also be found in outside sources such as advertisements, medias and people trying to persuade others like candidates or running from something that needed to persuade to win. Body, A1 AccordingRead MoreComparing Advertising Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Advertising An advertisement is usually a text that is designed to attract the attention of the consumer and try and persuade them to buy a product. The advertisements that will be compared differ in many ways - but the attribute that they both have in common is that that they are both trying to sell something. Their purpose, audience, medium, language and the devices that the copywriters employ will be discussed. The two advertisements that will be lookedRead MoreThe Garbage Problem Of Victoria Bc918 Words   |  4 Pagesdiverse. That tax would be added to the tuition fees. According to the Camosun repot in 2013 just the 34% of the garbage was recycled. On the other hand the 66% of the garbage was destined to the landfill. The 45% of the 66% going to landfill were paper. It is essential to created conscious on the Camosun students about the important of separated the garbage. The increment on the amount of garbage could affect either with the development new diseases by the animals, or the increment of the tuitionRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Two Leaflets971 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom explaining things to persuading you to give money to charity or vote for a certain political party. In this essay I will compare two different media texts. They are both persuasive leaflets: the first trying to get you to chose to rent a McCarthy Stone retirement apartment, the second is advertising hiking holidays in Ireland. The former of these leaflets came through my letterbox, and is aimed at retired pensioners. The latter, I got from a travel agency. It is

Comparing My Husband And I Cultures - 969 Words

For my sociology project, I decided to compare and contrast my husband and I cultures. In doing so I discovered we shared many cultural norms and tradition although there was some noticeable difference in terms of how our communities are run within our defined societies. My husband hails from a small country on the coast of West Africa named Sierra Leone. That’s a huge contrast from the Hmong people who don’t have a land to call home. Our people through centuries of prosecution have scatted throughout Asia and America with the vast majority still residing in our ancestral land of China. Despite this, however, Hmong people like the people of Sierra Leone continue to possess a strong sense of identity and culture. Often Hmong communities in the United State take on a specific identity, not unlike American Indians reservation or other sub-cultural community in The United State. Conversely, although the people of Sierra Leone have a nation filled with rich tradition and culture but continue to be inundated by a western culture which could be having an adverse effect. Ultimately our discussion highlights that both of our people ultimately want to move forward as one to a better and prosper future. My husband and I discussed the structure of family in our culture. While mine was a patriarch system, his, however was the matriarch. Like most Asian culture the male is often the head of the family and hold the most status. The people of Sierra Leone, however, hold theShow MoreRelatedComparing the Cultures of The Ik, The Pomo Indians, and The Nayar Society of Southern India1039 Words   |  5 PagesComparing the Cultures of The Ik, The Pomo Indians, and The Nayar Society of Southern India The three cultures I have chosen to talk about in this essay are ‘The Ik’ culture, ‘The Pomo Indians’ and The Nayar Society of Southern India’ The Ik is a culture from Northern Uganda. The Pomo Indians is a culture from (find out more info) and lastly, The Nayar Society is a culture from Southern India. I will also be mentioning some things from my culture, which is the Yoruba cultureRead MoreCultural Practice : The Case Of Women s Reproductive Illness932 Words   |  4 Pagespractice in the case of women’s reproductive illness: The culture of people is very much important to describe the group. For instance, a group can best be understood and described based on its cultural practices (Ajeboye, and Abimbola, 2012). This is because people’s culture best explains why and how they do, what they do and behave, the way they behaved. In my study of socio-cultural factors which shaped and reshaped women’s reproductive illness, I saw that the cultural practices of women in the timeRead MoreSociety s Expectations And Rules For Men And Women1278 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, I have noticed that society’s expectations and rules for men and women are very different. I come from a Latin culture and gender roles that we believe in are instilled in us at a young age. The old traditional gender roles for the females and males roles and is instilled at a young age. For the male gender roles is always the same and feel that a male always have to support the female and the children. The male role t hinks that it’s impossible for women to be educated and supportRead MoreTulips and Cut by Sylvia Plath903 Words   |  4 Pagesattempt suicide and again this time she died .During the twentieth century, women in American culture were treated as objects without a voice, and male dominance suppressed them. Plath uses allusion, symbolism and metaphors throughout her poems â€Å"Tulips† and â€Å"Cut† to demonstrate the theme of women in American culture. Plath uses allusions throughout her poems â€Å"Tulips† and â€Å"Cut† to display women’s culture in America. In â€Å"Tulips† she uses the biblical allusion of â€Å"Shutting their mouths on it, like CommunionRead MoreJoy Luck Club by Amy Tan Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesTraditions, heritage and culture are three of the most important aspects of Chinese culture. Passed down from mother to daughter, these traditions are expected to carry on for years to come. In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, daughters Waverly, Lena, Rose and June thoughts about their culture are congested by Americanization while on their quests towards self-actualization. Each daughter struggles to find balance between Chinese heritage and American values through marriage and professional careersRead MoreCulture Of The Maasai Tribe Of Kenya And Tanzania1035 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will discuss in great detail the culture of the Maasai tribe of Kenya and Tanzania, along w ith comparing and contrasting an American coming of age ritual to the rituals of the Maasai tribe. The Maasai tribe has very different expectations and traditions compared American expectations and traditions. Whether that is the fact that in their culture men and women have particular roles and expectations, while America is straying away from stereotypical gender roles and expectations or thatRead MoreEssay Comparing the Culture of Cambodia and American Culture546 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the Culture of Cambodia and American Culture After reading the novel Children of the River, I have learned some customs that people in Cambodia practice in their country. In this essay, I shall describe some examples of their traditions and contrast them with the American culture as shown in the novel and Honduran culture of which I am most familiar. One good example of this contrast is when Sundara, the main character of the novel, explains to Jonathan (Pg 23) that in CambodiaRead MoreDifferent Culture in Guest of the Sheik by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea777 Words   |  3 Pagesand individualistic with many exclusive qualities. Everyone in the world has a culture but it is not easy to accept or agree with other people’s culture. The ethnography, â€Å"Guests of the Sheik†, written by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea really captures what it is like to live and to be immersed into another culture. Ethnography is â€Å"comprised of the writings of the anthropologist, detailing the life ways of a particular culture, investigated by means of direct fieldwork† (Arenson, and Miller-Thayer 1). ElizabethRead MoreSample Resume : Mom s Mom Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagescommon; To tell women how they need to be and what to strive for. As we consider the media’s depiction of a Mother, we see for the most part a neglected aspect of a family structure. First and foremost, we are shown a leader in turn is the father, husband. With that in mind the media’s shows us is that the main bread winner of the family was the male counterpart to the mother. While the mother is left to take care of the house and the kids with no representation of wanting more in life, or in factRead MoreSandra Cisneros and Hughes Analysis1575 Words   |  7 Pageshow minority discrimination, and cultural circumstances effect and shape different pieces of their respective writings. This paper will highlight similarities, differences and motives for writing the short story, â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†, and poem, â€Å"I, Too† all backed up and supported by research done about the author. Born in Chicago Illinois, into a family of seven children, being the only daughter Sandra Cisneros is a Mexican American novelist and feminist writer. She has been one of the first

The Appendicular Skeleton Free Essays

The clavicle is a long bone, but it has no medullary cavity. The clavicle supports the scapula and arms, it protects deeper structures (blood vessels, for example) in the upper chest, and it transmits impact from the arms to the axial skeleton. The scapula is attached to the thorax and vertebral column by muscles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Appendicular Skeleton or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pectoral girdles attach the upper extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton and provide attachment sites for many muscles that move the upper limbs. The 2 pectoral girdles and the associated muscles form your shoulders. The pectoral girdles are very flexible and allow the upper limbs a great deal of flexibility. They permit movement in many directions at the shoulder joint. The socket of the shoulder joint is small, shallow, and poorly reinforced with ligaments. This arrangement is good for flexibility, but it is not very stable. Shoulder dislocations are therefore fairly common. The UPPER LIMBS (extremities) (FIGS. 8. 4-8. 8) consist of 60 bones; 30 bones per limb. These are the bones of the arms, wrists, and hands. They include the HUMERUS, ULNA, RADIUS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, and PHALANGES. The PELVIC GIRDLE (hip girdle) (FIGS. 8. 9-8. 11 TABLE 8. 1) attaches the lower extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton, and it supports and protects the visceral organs of the pelvic cavity. The pelvic girdle is a strong and stable support for the lower limbs. While the shoulder girdle moves somewhat freely and allows the arms a great deal of mobility, the pelvic girdle is secured to the axial skeleton by some of the strongest ligaments of the body. Its sockets, which articulate with the thigh bones, are deep and cup-like and are heavily reinforced with ligaments. Even though both the shoulder and hip joints are ball-and-socket joints, the thigh cannot move in its socket with the same degree of freedom as the arm can in the shoulder joint. Flexibility in the hip joint is sacrificed for stability. The pelvic girdle consists of the 2 HIPBONES (coxal bones). Each hipbone of a newborn baby consists of 3 bones: the superior  ILIUM, the inferior and anterior PUBIS, and the inferior and posterior ISCHIUM. Eventually these fuse into one COMPOSITE bone. The area where they all fuse is called the ACETABULUM, which serves as the socket for the femur. The PUBIS of the hipbones meet anteriorly at the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS. The hipbones articulate posteriorly with the sacrum at the SACROILIAC JOINT. The 2 hipbones, with the sacrum and coccyx, form the basin-like structure called the PELVIS. The LOWER LIMBS (extremities) consists of 60 bones (FIG. 8. 12-8. 17); 30 bones per limb. These include the FEMUR (thighbone), PATELLA (kneecap), FIBULA TIBIA (lower leg), TARSALS (anklebones and heel bones), METATARSALS (feet), and PHALANGES (toes). How to cite The Appendicular Skeleton, Papers

Marketing Fundamentals Open Family Australia

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Fundamentals Open Family Australia. Answer: Macro as well as micro analysis Analysis of the micro environment reveals the fact that there are six different factors, namely, organization, consumers, suppliers, business intermediaries, competitors as well as public. The company is essentially the marketer of the state that needs to work harmoniously with other departments of the company in order to generate customer value as well as associations (Hollensen 2015). The corporation operating as a publicly traded firm is necessarily limited by guarantee and is particularly governed by the Board of Directors. However, the customers of the company are particularly the volunteers of the firm who extend their support for the homeless young people as well as the people who have the risk of losing their home. As such in case of suppliers, Open Australia is financed by the Corporate Gifts and Grant as well as Government Funding. Intermediaries are also important participants of thee macro environment and the market need to partner with other players in the value delivery network of the company. Particularly, Open Family Australia partners with likeminded young peoples association, Whitelion that too act as a business intermediary. Furthermore, Open Family Australia too has several competitors in the market. Evaluation of the macro environment of the business Open family Australia reveals the fact that there are essentially six important factors, namely the demographic, economic, political, technological, natural as well as cultural factors that affect the macro environment of the business of Open family Australia. Description of the target market The current section reveals the fact that the target market of Open Family Australia is essentially the volunteers aged between 18 years and 35 years willing to extend their support to the homeless young people and the people at risk of losing their homes. Differentiation and positioning The management of Open family Australia employs differentiation policies for attracting young people as volunteers in their organization by providing difference in service and service period. The organization Open Family Australia undertakes activities, namely, Tickets for AFL, NRL as well as A-League, Outing for youths in Luna Park, numerous BBQs, activities of fishing as well as camping trips as part of their differentiation strategy of attracting target consumers. Open Family Australia carries out activities of volunteering that in turn makes esteemed contributions to the overall reputation as well as activities that the organization carries out with youths. Popular events conducted by the firm such as the Chatter-Bus held in Melbourne, NOSH Bus programme in Sydney as well as programme for collection of food help in positioning the service of the organization in the minds of the target consumers of the organization. Discussion of the integrated marketing communication (promotional) strategies Promotional Mix: the management of the not for profit organization Open family Australia can employ the promotional mix for assisting the firm to reach the organizational objectives and goals. The promotional mix that refers to one of four ps of marketing refers to specific communication strategies. The management of the organization Open Family Australia can undertake actions that include certain important elements of the promotional mix (Kotler et al. 2015). The actions include advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relation, direct relations, direct marketing and product placement among many others. Advertisement: The management of the organization can carry out a paid presentation of the companys messages and promote the ideas and actions of helping the homeless youths by an identified guarantor in a mass medium (Kotler et al. 2014). The instances of advertising include advertisements in print media, direct mail, bill boards, pictures, web pages as well as mobile applications among many others. Advertisements can help in reaching a large market by means of wide variety of advertising. This too helps in dramatizing the message of the firm by diverse techniques as well as multimedia effects (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). Again, this can enhance the satisfaction of the consumers as well as confidence. Personal Selling: Open Family Australia can undertake the process of personal selling that refers to the personally employing members of the staff of the organization for persuading the target consumers (volunteers) to take up this job of supporting others for a particular cause (Marshall 2014). The instances of personal selling include sales training as well as meetings, incentive programs by different intermediaries for convincing the volunteers to join the organization. This promotional technique can be regarded to be very effective as this helps in enhancing the personal interaction between the purchaser (volunteers) and the seller (organization open family Australia). The personal selling can extract better response by illustrating different utilities of different actions/offers of the organization to the target consumers. Sales Promotion: Sales promotion is also one of the important activities of the promotional mix that supports the media as well as the non-media communication (Weinstein and Pohlman 2015). This can be used by the managers of this organization for pre-specified time to augment the demand of the consumers, stimulate the overall market demand for joining this job. Again, sales promotion can also lead to short and simultaneously immediate effect on the sales. Promotion techniques for convincing the target consumers include premium gifts to the target consumers (volunteers) along with other usable benefits (Cho et al. 2014). Public relations: Public relations refer to the publicity procedures that a firm undertakes for conveying the messages regarding the provision of a wide array of outreach services to youths who are experiencing very complicated needs (Chernev 2014). Direct Marketing: Direct marketing can be considered to be an effective form of promotional mix that permits business concerns as well as non-profits to communicate and interact directly with the target consumers of the organization (Nordhielm and Depena-Baron 2013). This process refers to the use of mechanisms, namely, mobile messaging, interactive consumer websites, online advertisement displays, fliers, distribution of catalogue, letters for promotion as well as outdoor advertising. The promotional tools can be used by Open Family Australia through various ways for the purpose of attracting the target consumers of the organization. The messages regarding the projects (Make a difference this Christmas, Wyndham Youth Homelessness Project, Donate Now and many others) can be sent through different mediums to reach the maximum number of people. In this way, the management of the organization can alter the lives of several homeless as well as at risk individuals by functioning singly, offering diverse long term as well as concentrated and rigorous support (Bejou and Palmer 2013). Promotion tools or else elements The main elements of the promotional tools include the following: Traditional media Digital technology Public relation tools Popular events Sales person Influencers (Baker 2014) Ways of using the promotional tools The important marketing promotional tools that the management of Open Family Australia can use include the traditional media, digital technology, public relation tools, events, sales person as well as influencers. As rightly indicated by Kotler and Keller (2013), promotional strategies refer to important factor of marketing that comprises of process of delivering corporation, brand otherwise product messages to the target consumers of the company (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The management of the organization Open family Australia can implement the promotional tools of Traditional media that involves deliverance of paid messages by means of television networks, radio stations, newspapers as well as magazines. In addition to this, the management of the firm can also implement digital technologies as well as interactive promotional instruments. Particularly, mobile devices for electronic communiqu as well as social media permit corporations practically 24/7 admittance to purchasers (Bagha turia and Johnson 2014). Public relation tools such as the press release, press conference, news reports as well as newsletter refers to the public relation procedures. Major events as well as community actions can serve as promotional opportunities for corporations. Recommendations The management of the organization can use the traditional media such as the radio, magazines as well as the newspapers for communicating regarding the ongoing campaigns as well as events of the firm. The traditional media can help in communicating the messages through billboards, buses, aerial, as well as point-of purchase displays as regards supportive actions of the company. The management can employ mobile devices along with applications for diverse electronic communications as well as social media (Manceau 2015). In addition to this, public relation tools can also be used and the messages can be communicated by means of press release, newsletters, news reports as well as press conference. Again, events as well as community actions can also be organized that in turn can act as the promotional opportunities for corporations. Conclusions and implications The above study also elucidates in detail the way the management of the corporation Open Family Australia can enhance the integrated marketing communication process by implementing important tools of promotion such as advertisement, personal selling, sales promotion direct marketing and many others. The enhanced communication can thereby convince and persuade individuals to join the not for profit organization as volunteer. The engagement of volunteer can be considered to be a critical factor for the success that in turn can help in achievement of organizational objectives of the firm. This is because engagement of volunteers can reduce the cost of firm and save money for the company. Analysis of the above study also reveals the fact that the volunteers also bring in the requisite skills and consequently donate their skills as per the requirement to the members of the staff. In addition to this, volunteers also introduce renewed energy as well as excitement and increase community own ership. As such, essential practical steps need to be undertaken for an efficient volunteer program that includes the following: Convey the reasons and a justification for wanting volunteers Examination of the needs and wants of the volunteers (assessment of the needs of the volunteers) (Cho et al. 2014) Development of ways to tell the targeted volunteers regarding the way volunteering can help in development of society and the manner the volunteers too need the organization. Framing appropriate promotional strategies for attracting volunteers to perform the noble functions of the operation of the company However, there are important metrics for ascertainment of the effectiveness of the promotional strategies as well as integrated marketing communication plans of the firm. The management normally employs different metrics for assessment of the efficacy of the communication plans of the organization. The internal communication process are normally assessed using the dimension of audit, focus groups, benchmarking, scorecards as well as surveys. In conclusion, it can be said that homelessness is a serious concern in Australia where more than 32000 Australian youths sleep on the street and young people aged between 12 years to 18 years are the largest group that experience homelessness. In this regard, the not for profit organization Open Family Australia operates by delivering outreach support as well as services to homeless as well as at risk youths for over and above 30 years. Thus, in order to deliver maximum benefits to the people in the society, it is important to have more number of volunteers who can support the work of the organization, community ownership, mentoring, and enhancement of the mobile youth outreach. 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